Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub zog

Nyob rau sab hnub poob, cov neeg Filipis thaum ub Aristotle tau piav txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib kis ntawm txoj kev hloov ntawm tooj los yog cov hlau cam khwb cia hlau hauv nws qhov teeb meem mechanical hauv 300 BC. Cov kws tshawb fawb Greek npe Aristotle thiab Archimedes tau kawm cogwheels, thiab tus nto moo Greek inventor gutisibius muab xaws pins rau ntawm ntug ntawm ib lub rooj los koom nrog lub log log. Nov yog txog 150 BC. Nyob rau hauv 100 BC, heron, alexandrian inventor, invented lub speedometer, uas siv zog. Lub zog tseem siv tau nyob rau thawj xyoo pua AD nyob rau hauv lub zeb zeb ua los ntawm Roman tus kws kos npe rau kev kos duab. Thaum xyoo pua mus rau xyoo, lub zog tau siv rau ntawm cov teev ua ntej. Cov bronze iav tom qab ntawm kev sib tw nyob rau hauv lub xeev lub caij lub thaj tsam ntawm qhov kev sib tw hauv lub xeev thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev thaj yeeb (thawj xyoo pua AD) tau lo lus iav. Lub tsheb thauj khoom sab qab teb thiab lub nrig ntawm lub nras hauv Lub Caij Peb Lub Hlis tau txais lub iav tsav tsheb. Cov dej hauv cov pob zeb tau tsim los ntawm du yu hauv jin dynasty hloov lub hwjchim ntawm lub log tsheb rau pob zeb los ntawm kev sib zog. Ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm qhov iav nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv keeb kwm yog cov lus piav qhia ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv 725 los ntawm liang lizan, ib tus tswv cuab ntawm cov tang dynasty. Ua lub suab seev qaum teb sab qaum teb (saib cov Suav suav thaum ub), cov dej txav tau siv lub zog iav. Ib tug khib thiab pinion tsav nyob rau hauv phau ntawv wu bei zhi (1621) los ntawm MAO yuanyi ntawm Ming dynasty. Nyob rau hauv 1956, nyob rau hauv lub ancient ruins ntawm anwuji nroog, hebei xeev, hlau spined iav nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm txog 80 mm tau pom. Txawm hais tias nws tsis tiav, cov hlau zoo zoo. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau lees paub tias yuav yog qhov khoom ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev sib tw hauv lub xeev (3th xyoo pua BC) mus rau sab hnub poob hauv dynasty (206 BC ~ 24 AD). Hauv xyoo 1954, lub bronze ratchet iav tau hnov nyob hauv tiljia ya, yongji county, Shanxi xeev. Xa mus rau cov khoom uas tsis tau pom nyob hauv tib lub qhov dej, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias lawv yog cov qub qub txij thaum xyoo dhau los ntawm qin dynasty (221 ~ 206 BC) los yog cov teb chaws thaj dynasty. Raws li kev siv ratchet iav, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg tau nyob rau hauv kom deb, thiab nws yog speculated tias nws yuav siv tau rau braking kom tiv thaiv lub log ncej los ntawm kev tsiv. Xyoo 1953, ib nkawm bronze herringbone zog tau nyob hauv zos Hongqing, chang 'lub nroog, shaanxi xeev. Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub qhov ntxa qauv thiab kev faus cov khoom, nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias cov iav los ntawm cov hnub nyoog sab hnub tuaj Han dynasty. Ob lub log muaj 24 hniav thiab muaj txog 15 hli inch. Hengyang thiab lwm qhov chaw kuj pom tib lub phom iav. Thaum ntxov li 1694, tus kws sau ntawv FILIPPE DE LA HIRE thawj zaug npaj siab tias cov lus yuav siv los ua hniav nkhaus. Thaum 1733, m. ciamus, ib tug Fabkis, npaj siab tias cov pej xeem zoo nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm ib tus hniav hniav yuav tsum dhau los ntawm pob hlav ntawm lub hauv paus txuas. Thaum lub chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub chaw nruab nrab (nodal lub voj voos) qhib cov dej ntshiab raws nruab nrab ntawm cov kab hlau loj thiab lub log log, feem ntau ntawm ob lub hnab txhuam hniav uas tsim los ntawm lub koom haum pabcuam cov kev sib txuas nrog kev pabcuam instantaneous qhov chaw kab ntawm lub log loj thiab lub me log yog sib txuas rau txhua lwm yam, uas yog CAMUS theorem. Nws yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account meshing lub xeev ntawm ob sab hniav; Kom meej meej tsim lub tswvyim niaj hnub ntawm kev sib chwv sib tham. L, Switzerland, xyoo 1765. TUS NEEG YUAV TSUM muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus zauv rau txoj kev tshawb xyuas kev tshawb xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pub dawb, thiab qhia qhov sib txheeb ntawm qhov curvature radius thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ib khub meshing zog. Tom qab ntawd, TUS NEEG TSIS TXAUS SIAB ua tiav txoj kev no thiab tau los ua qhov sib npaug ntawm eu-let-savary. ROTEFT WULLS tau muab rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis koom nrog. Nws npaj siab tias qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov lus taw qhia uas tsis sib hloov yog qhov hloov thaum nyob nruab nrab. Xyoo 1873, German engineer HOPPE muab tso rau ntawm cov hniav uas muaj ntau hom hniav thaum lub siab hloov tau hloov, yog li tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev hloov tshiab ntawm kev hloov mus rau niaj hnub.Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 19th, txoj ntsiab cai ntawm kev tsim hniav txoj kev siv thiab kev siv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej tau tawm, thiaj li hais tias lub iav ua muaj ntau dua txhais tau tias, cov hniav tsis muaj tus qauv qhia tau zoo heev. Tsuav tus iav me ntsis tsiv tawm ntawm qhov chaw meshing xwb, tus qauv ntsuas yuav raug siv los txiav tawm cov iav coj los siv ntawm lub tshuab. Nyob rau xyoo 1908, Swiss MAAG tau kawm txog txoj kev xaav tawm thiab tsim muaj cov iav zawv zawg. Tom qab, British BSS, American AGMA thiab German DIN successively npaj ntau hom kev laij zauv rau kev xaav tawm mus rau sab nraud. Tsom iav ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Han dynastyBronze herringbone iav nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov han dynastyThaum kom txhim kho cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm lub hwj huam hloov iav thiab txo nws loj , cov hlua khiab xaws tau tsim los ntxiv rau cov khoom siv txhim kho, kev kho kom sov thiab kev txhim kho cov qauv. Nyob rau xyoo 1907, FRANK HUMPHRIS, ib tug Briton, thawj zaug luam tawm hauv cov hlab arc-toothed. Nyob rau hauv 1926, tus retur ERUEST WILDHABER tau txais patented lub thoob hniav qij helical iav. Xyoo 1955, ML NOVIKOV tau ua tiav cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hlua-iav thiab tau los ntawm Lenin medal. 1970 engineer r. ntawm cov tseem ceeb, United Kingdom. M. STUDER muaj peb patent rau ob chav arc. Qhov hom ntawm iav tau raug them ntau thiab ntau dua, thiab tau ua rau cov txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv ua ke. Tshaj tawm cov khoom sib txuas nrog cov hniav uas sib koom ua ke. Lawv yog cov dav siv rau hauv kev kho mob sib kis thiab txhua yam tshuab tua tag nrho. Niaj hnub nimno iav tshuab tau: gear modulus 0.004 ~ 100 mm; Iav taub hau ntawm 1 hli mus rau 150 m; Hloov fais fab mus txog 100, 000 kilowatts; Kom nce mus txog ntau pua txhiab RPM; Qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov txawv tshaj tawm yog 300 m / s.Thaum tsim txoj kev lag luam, txoj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov iav muaj nuj nqis. Nyob rau hauv 1674, Danish astronomer romer thawj npaj siab siv epicycloid raws li tus hniav profile nkhaus kom tau txais cov iav. Thaum lub kiv puag ncig industrial hauv xyoo pua 18th, iav tshuab tsim tau sai, thiab kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav rau ntawm iav. Nyob rau hauv 1733, Fabkis txoj kev zauv ua ke cami luam tawm cov kev cai lij choj ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm kev sib koom tes. Nyob rau hauv 1765, euler, ib tug Swiss mathematician, pom tias yog siv cov lus pub ua hniav curve.Lub gear hobbing thiab iav shaper nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th solved qhov teeb meem ntawm ua siab precision iav nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau. Thaum xyoo 1900, pufort iav hobbing tshuab nruab nrog lub cuab yeej sib txawv, tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv cov iav hobbing helical iav, txij li qhov kev ua haujlwm iav hobbing iav tau nrov, generating ua iav accounted rau qhov yooj yim kom zoo, lub involute iav tau ua tus plhuav tshaj siv iav. hauv xyoo 1899, rusher yog thawj thawj cov tswv yim ntawm kev hloov zog. Lub iav tsis tuaj yeem tsuas zam lub hauv paus kev txiav, tab sis kuj phim qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab thiab txhim kho kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov iav. Xyoo 1923, Wilder xov xwm hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau xub muab tso rau hauv cov iav nrog cov kab xev khaus log. Hauv xyoo 1955, sunovikov tau ua ib txoj hauv kev tshawb pom ntawm cov kab xo, thiab qhov sib xyaw arc iav tau siv ntau lawm. Hom kab iav no muaj peev xwm thiab ua tau zoo, tab sis nws tsis yoojyim ua khoom lag luam, thiab xav tau kev txhim kho ntxiv.